But Mingw64 uses DWARF debug format on Windows just fine! Gdb can't read codeview8 format can it? If not, then I know for sure that Mingw64 is using either DWARF or STABS.
I can compile a C program with these options: -std=c11 -Wall -gstabs+
Or these options: -std=c11 -Wall -gdwarf-3
Or these options: -std=c11 -Wall -gdwarf-4
And they all work just fine. They run, they can be debugged also. Breakpoints work fine, as well as stepping and reading memory and listing source code.
So, either, Mingw64 is just magical, or you CAN in fact use DWARF debug format on Windows just fine.